This lifeform is found in the SW USA (Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona). This lifeform is found in Mexico. This lifeform is found in areas of low moisture such as deserts or dry fields. This lifeform is frequently domesticated. This lifeform is poisonous. This lifeform is common in suitable environments.

Texas mountain laurel or Mescal Bean (Sophora secundifolia) is found from South Texas west to New Mexico, and south into central Mexico. This plant can be a bush or a tree of up to 25 feet tall. The leaves are evergreen. Mountain laurel is a popular landscape tree. The fruits are constricted like a beads in a necklace.  The fruits are brown at maturity. This red seeds of this species are poisonous to both humans and livestock. (The fruit was used as a hallucinogen in SW America.)

Sophia genus is found almost worldwide.  There are about 52 species in this genus.  They are woody perennials, shrubs, or trees.  They have odd pinnate leaves and the flowers are in terminal racemes or panicles.  There are nine species with four subspecies growing in greater North America.

Mimosa Subfamily (Mimosoideae) is frequently treated as a full  family (Family Mimosaceae). This group of herbs, shrubs, and trees are generally of a tropical nature although a few species (Mimosa, Acacia, and Mesquite, etc) are found as far north as Kansas, Illinois, and Ohio. The approximate 1,500 species in this group are usually organized into about forty different genera.

Pea or Legume Family (Leguminosae to Fabaceae) is one of the largest and most important families of plants. Peas, beans, clovers, alfalfa, and other related species are found here. This family of very important plants is usually broken into several sub-families to facilitate study. There are about 16,400 species in this family divided into about 650 different genera.  There were, as of 1994, about 1,574 species established in greater North America. These were distributed in 158 different genera. Varous authors divide this family in different ways. Here they are arbitrarily separated into three parts: The Mimosa and Acacia group, the redbud and locust group (including the Robinia genus), and the Lotiodeae group which contains most of the herbs.

Rose Group (Order Rosales) contains many large and very important families. Included here are fruit trees in the family Rosaceae, the nitrogen fixing plants like clover and alfalfa (in the family  Leguminosae), and a large assemblage of plants divided into over fifteen different families.

Dicots (Dicotyledoneae Class) are the predominant group of vascular plants on earth. With the exception of the grasses (Monocots) and the Conifers (Gymnosperms), most of the larger plants that one encounters are  Dicots. Dicots are characterized by having a seed with two outer shell coverings. Some of the more primitive Dicots are the typical hardwood trees (oaks, birches, hickories, etc). The more advanced Dicots include many of the Composite Family flowers like the  Dandelion, Aster, Thistles, and Sunflowers. Although many Monocots reach a very high degree of specialization, most botanists feel that the Dicots represent the most advanced group of plants.

Seed plants (Phylum Embryophyta) are generally grouped into one large phylum containing three major classes: the Gymnosperms, the Monocots, and the Dicots. (Some scientists separate the Gymnosperms into a separate phylum and refer to the remaining plants as flowering plants or Angiospermae.)

For North American counts of the number of species in each genus and family, the primary reference has been John T. Kartesz, author of A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland (1994). The geographical scope of his lists include, as part of greater North America, Hawaii, Alaska, Greenland, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

Kartesz lists 21,757 species of vascular plants comprising the ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants as being found in greater North America (including Alaska, Hawaii, Greenland, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands).

There are estimates within the scientific world that about half of the listed North American seed plants were originally native with the balance being comprised of Eurasian and tropical plants that have become established.

Plant kingdom contains a large variety of different organisms including mosses, ferns, and seed plants. Most plants manufacture their energy from sunlight and water. Identification of many species is difficult in that most individual plants have characteristics that have variables based on soil moisture, soil chemistry, and sunlight.

Because of the difficulty in learning and identifying different plant groups, specialists have emerged that study only a limited group of plants. These specialists revise the taxonomy and give us detailed descriptions and ranges of the various species.  Their results are published in technical journals and written with highly specialized words that apply to a specific group.

On the other hand, there are the nature publishers. These people and companies undertake the challenging task of trying to provide easy to use pictures and descriptions to identify those species.