Collared Anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla) is found from Mexico south throughout most of Brazil. This is a species of open areas. The brownish yellow coat with darker markings and somewhat shorter snout help identify this species as other than the Giant Anteater. It typically weighs from 10 to 15 pounds.

This species has been split into two different species. The southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) is found in most of mainland South America east of the Andes. The northern tamandua (Tamandua mexicana) is found west of the Andes from northern Peru north through western Ecuador and western Colombia to northern Colombia and extreme western Venezuela and north into Central America.

Southern Tamandua (tamandua tetradactyla) has four subspecies per Gardner. Tamandua tetradactyla nigra is found from eastern Colombia east through Venezuela to the Guyanas and south into the northern Amazon Basin. The subspecies quichua is found in the upper Amazon Basin from Ecuador and Peru and east into western Brazil. The subspecies straminea is found in the southern Amazon Basin south to Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay and Uruguay. The nominate subspecies Tamandua tetradactyla tetradactyla is found in the Atlantic coastal region of eastern Brazil.

Ant Eaters (Family Myrmecophagidae) contain several species of animals with a long snout that survive by raiding ant hills. There are a total of four species in this group. The silky anteater (Cyclopes didactylus) is sometimes placed in its own family, Cyclopedidae.

Anteaters, sloths, and armadillo found in warm and tropical areas of the New World are combined into a single order, Edentata. The pangolins of the Old World were sometimes placed here, but we have kept them in a separate order in line with recent publications (2004) by Duff and Lawson.

An extinct group of turtle like mammals called glyptodonts can belong here. Furthermore, in very recent times, several gigantic sloths existed.

In Gardner's Mammals of South America as published in 2007, he has combined the armadillos, sloths, and anteaters into a magnorder Xenarthra. He then creates the order Cingulata for the armadillos and the order Pilosa for the sloths and anteaters.

Mammals (Class Mammalia), together with the birds, are among the youngest of the classes of animals. In species count, mammals number about fifty-one hundred, trailing reptiles (approximately fifty-five hundred), fish (approximately eighteen thousand), and birds (approximately eighty-six hundred).

There are three sub-types of mammals:

monotremes, the most primitive:
Develop in reptilian-like eggs and suckle milk emerging (i.e., spiny anteater, duckbilled platypus)
marsupials
Newborn emerges very underdeveloped and continue to mature in a pouch on its mother's abdomen (i.e., opossums, koala, kangaroo)
placental
Embryo develops within the uterus of the female and is dependent on a placenta for nutrition and waste removal (i.e., humans, lions, monkeys)

About sixty-five million years ago, the Tertiary era produced thirty-five orders of mammals. Of this number, eighteen have survived to represent Earth's most diversified as well as its most highly developed classification of animals.

Extinction of mammals is fast becoming a serious issue. Duff and Lawson present a list of forty-one extinct species that reached extinction prior to 1800. These forty-one species are not acknowledged in the counts of the various families. Duff and Lawson also present a list of forty-six species including three gazelles, one zebra, one seal, one deer, and one wolf that have probably gone extinct since 1800. These forty-six species are included in the family counts. Science is adding about forty to fifty new species a year to the list. Many of these are the result of divisions of prior species; some are recent discoveries.

Mammals owe their survival to adaptive capabilities that include the ability to exploit whatever sources of food are available to them, as well as their ability to adjust to various climes. Food specialization influenced evolution to such a great extent that the teeth structure can and has been used to provide extensive information on the food needs and various lifestyles of extinct species.

Despite the vast diversity among mammals in terms of size, habitats and adaptations, they share without exception many characteristics such as:

a. body hair
b. mammary glands
c. certain skull characteristics
d. four limbs that permit speed
e. parallel not perpendicular limbs
f. compartmentalized internal organs
g. a four-chambered heart and pulmonary circulation

Backboned Animals (Phylum Chordata) are the most advanced group of animals on earth. These animals are characterized by having a spinal cord or backbone. Most members have a clearly defined brain that controls the organism through a spinal cord. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are in this phylum.

Currently, some taxonomists believe that the fish should be divided into two groups (sharks and regular fishes) and that there are some other primitive groups in the phylum such as hagfish or lampreys.

Animal Kingdom contains numerous organisms that feed on other animals or plants. Included in the animal kingdom are the lower marine invertebrates such as sponges and corals, the jointed legged animals such as insects and spiders, and the backboned animals such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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