Pied cuckoo (Melanolophus serratus to Melanolophus jacobinus to Clamator jacobinus to Oxylophus jacobinus) is found widely in the Old World. This 13 inch bird has a white to gray-white throat, breast, rump, and thighs. The face, back, and wings are blackish. There is also a form with a solid black breast. The long dark tail can have a white tip, and there is a blue or black head crest.

This lifeform is broken into two subspecies in the Monroe-Sibley check list. The form Clamator jacobinus jacobinus is found in southern Asia with widespread southern migrations, and the Clamator jabobinus pica is an African form.

The range of the lifeform Clamator jacobinus jacobinus is from Tibet and the Everest region south into India, Burma, and Sri Lanka (Ceylon).

There are three subspecies listed in Clements 2007: The nominate form, Clamator jacobinus jacobinus, is found in southern India and Sri Lanka (Ceylon). The subspecies pica is found in northern India and tropical and southern Africa. The subspecies serratus is local in South Africa.

The Old World cuckoo subfamily Cuculinae comprises 51 species. The genera Clamator(4), Cuculus(16), Cercococcyx(3), Cacomantis(6), Chrysococcyx(13), belong here in addition to several others.

Cuckoos (Family Cuculidae) are a family of 138 species of birds distributed widely in the warm and tropical regions of the world. Most of these species feed on insects and/or insect larvae. Larger species can feed on lizards. Many species have wide banded tails and small bills.

There has been considerable shifting of various families lately. To facilitate the study of the cuckoo group, we have divided this family into six subdivisions below:
Cuculidae - Old World cuckoos (51 species)
Phaenicophaeinae - Old World Portion (26 species)
Centropodidae - Old World Coucals (28 species)
Coccyzidae - New World Cuckoos (18 species)
Crotophaginae - Anis and Guira (4 species)
Neomorphinae - Roadrunners and Ground Cuckoos (11 species)

Cuckoos (Order Cuculiformes) are closely related to the parrots. There are several families in this order. However, some writers make this a family and reduce some of the previous families to subfamilies in the new larger cuckoo family. These are slender birds with long tails. Clements in 2007 counted 141 species in this family.

Aves contains about 8,650 different species of living birds known to science. Each year about one new species is discovered in some remote rain forest or remote island. In addition, scientists have been raising many subspecies to full species status which may raise the species count to 10,000. Birdlife recognizes 10,027 species as of 2011.

However, each year about one species goes extinct. The rate of extinction is increasing, and the rate of new discovery is decreasing, so that the number of bird species will soon begin to decline rapidly. Although different taxonomists would organize the birds differently, there are approximately twenty-seven orders of birds. These orders are broken down into about one hundred and fifty-five different families.

Recent research of the genetic structure of some of the shore birds and owls would indicate that the present organization of orders and families should have some modification.

The birds are a worldwide group of animals that are characterized by having the front limbs modified into wings that are used for flying. Perhaps the most unique feature of the birds is the feathers. These feathers are made up of a central support called a quill and a series of small filaments that are hooked together as barbs.

For many years it was believed that Archaeopteryx discovered in Bavaria was the oldest bird from about 150 million years ago. However, in l986, Sankar Chattterjee, a Texas paleontologist, reportedly discovered a bird in the genus Protoavis that lived about 225 million years ago.

When this project was begun in 1978, we used Austin & Singer for bird taxonomy. Since then, we have adopted many changes, but have kept some older concepts that are still found widely in the literature. Recently, we have used Clements and Howard & Moore. Very recently, we have used Monroe and Sibley for the higher taxonomy of the perching birds.

Backboned Animals (Phylum Chordata) are the most advanced group of animals on earth. These animals are characterized by having a spinal cord or backbone. Most members have a clearly defined brain that controls the organism through a spinal cord. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are in this phylum.

Currently, some taxonomists believe that the fish should be divided into two groups (sharks and regular fishes) and that there are some other primitive groups in the phylum such as hagfish or lampreys.

Animal Kingdom contains numerous organisms that feed on other animals or plants. Included in the animal kingdom are the lower marine invertebrates such as sponges and corals, the jointed legged animals such as insects and spiders, and the backboned animals such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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