Common pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) is found from the southern United States south to Argentina and Bolivia. This 11 inch pauraque is brownish overall. In flight, the wings have a white band and black tips. The dorsal wings are brown with white stripes. The breast is pale brown.

There are 7 subspecies. The nominate subspecies, Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis, is found in eastern and southern Venezuela west to Peru and south to eastern Brazil. The subspecies insularis is found in Tres Marias Islands of western Mexico. The subspecies merilli is found in southern Texas and south into NE Mexico. The subspecies yucatanensis is found in western and eastern Mexico south to central Guatemala. The subspecies intercedens is found in southern Guatemala to western Panama. The subspecies gilvus is found from central and eastern Panama south to northern Colombia. The subspecies derbyanus is found generally south of the Equator and south to Paraguay, northern Argentina, and Bolivia.

The Nyctidromus genus contains a single species commonly called the Common Paraque. However, the name Paraque is also applied to species in the Caribbean genus Siphonorhis.

The Eurasian, African, and New World Nightjars subfamily (Caprimulginae) contains 72 species spread among the genera Veles(1), Nyctidromus(1), Phalaenoptilus(1), Siphonorhis(2), Nyctiphrynus(4), Caprimulgus(55), Macrodipteryx(2), Hydropsalis(2), Urosopalis(2), Macropsalis(1), and Eleothreptus(1).

Nightjars (Family Caprimulgidae) is a worldwide family of about 67 different species. Included in this family are the familiar nighthawks and Whip-Poor-Will.

Nightjars and Goatsuckers (Order Caprimulgiformes) are an order of about 120 species of birds that are found worldwide. Included in this order are the families of Oilbirds, Frogmouths, Potoos, Owlet-Nightjars, and Nightjars. Clements counts 28 species in three smaller families and 91 species in the nightjar family.

Aves contains about 8,650 different species of living birds known to science. Each year about one new species is discovered in some remote rain forest or remote island. In addition, scientists have been raising many subspecies to full species status which may raise the species count to 10,000. Birdlife recognizes 10,027 species as of 2011.

However, each year about one species goes extinct. The rate of extinction is increasing, and the rate of new discovery is decreasing, so that the number of bird species will soon begin to decline rapidly. Although different taxonomists would organize the birds differently, there are approximately twenty-seven orders of birds. These orders are broken down into about one hundred and fifty-five different families.

Recent research of the genetic structure of some of the shore birds and owls would indicate that the present organization of orders and families should have some modification.

The birds are a worldwide group of animals that are characterized by having the front limbs modified into wings that are used for flying. Perhaps the most unique feature of the birds is the feathers. These feathers are made up of a central support called a quill and a series of small filaments that are hooked together as barbs.

For many years it was believed that Archaeopteryx discovered in Bavaria was the oldest bird from about 150 million years ago. However, in l986, Sankar Chattterjee, a Texas paleontologist, reportedly discovered a bird in the genus Protoavis that lived about 225 million years ago.

When this project was begun in 1978, we used Austin & Singer for bird taxonomy. Since then, we have adopted many changes, but have kept some older concepts that are still found widely in the literature. Recently, we have used Clements and Howard & Moore. Very recently, we have used Monroe and Sibley for the higher taxonomy of the perching birds.

Backboned Animals (Phylum Chordata) are the most advanced group of animals on earth. These animals are characterized by having a spinal cord or backbone. Most members have a clearly defined brain that controls the organism through a spinal cord. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are in this phylum.

Currently, some taxonomists believe that the fish should be divided into two groups (sharks and regular fishes) and that there are some other primitive groups in the phylum such as hagfish or lampreys.

Animal Kingdom contains numerous organisms that feed on other animals or plants. Included in the animal kingdom are the lower marine invertebrates such as sponges and corals, the jointed legged animals such as insects and spiders, and the backboned animals such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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